Science & Engineering

Earth Curvature Drop & Horizon Distance

Find how far the Earth curves away over a distance, or how far the horizon sits for your eye height. It uses NASA's mean radius of 3,959 miles and can add a refraction correction.

How to use
  1. Pick a mode: curvature drop over distance, or horizon distance from observer height.
  2. Enter your distance or eye height and choose miles or kilometers.
  3. Toggle the 7/6 refraction correction on if you want the bent-light estimate.
Try
Curvature drop
8.34 ft

over 10 miles (16.09 km)

In metres
2.54 m
8″/mi² rule
8.33 ft
Earth radius used
3,959 mi
For study and estimation. Verify against authoritative data before relying on a result.
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Worked examples

DistanceCurvature dropNote
1 mi8.0 inbarely noticeable
3 mi6.0 ftsmall boat hull starts hiding
10 mi66.6 ftgeometric, no refraction
20 mi266 ftdistant shoreline obscured

Common questions

How much does the Earth curve per mile?

The drop is about 8 inches over the first mile, but it grows with the square of distance, so 10 miles is roughly 66 feet, not 80 inches.

What does the 7/6 refraction correction do?

Light bends slightly in the atmosphere, so true objects appear higher than geometry predicts. The 7/6 factor inflates the effective radius and reduces the apparent drop by about 14 percent.