Science & Engineering

Water Density vs Temperature

Find water density at any temperature using the Tanaka 2001 and IAPWS-95 reference equations. You can switch between fresh water, seawater, brackish, and heavy water.

How to use
  1. Choose a water type: fresh, seawater, brackish, or heavy water.
  2. Enter the temperature in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
  3. Note the maximum-density point near 4 C for fresh water.
Try
Density at 20 °C

g/cm³
lb/ft³
°F / K
For study and estimation. Verify against authoritative data before relying on a result.
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Worked examples

TemperatureFresh water densityNote
0 C999.84 kg/m3just above freezing
4 C999.97 kg/m3maximum density
20 C998.21 kg/m3room temperature
100 C958.4 kg/m3boiling point

Common questions

At what temperature is water most dense?

Fresh water reaches its maximum density of about 999.97 kg/m3 at 4 C, which is why ice floats and lakes freeze from the top down.

Why is seawater denser than fresh water?

Dissolved salts add mass without adding much volume, so seawater at 35 ppt is roughly 1,025 kg/m3 versus about 1,000 for fresh water.